How Somaliland’s strategic position is attracting Israeli and Emirati interest amid rising regional tensions and global power plays.

Somaliland’s geostrategic significance has placed it at the heart of a complex web of international interests, particularly as Israel and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) seek to bolster their presence in the Gulf of Aden. With the region serving as a critical corridor for approximately 12% of global trade, the pro-independence territory’s proximity to Yemen and the Strait of Bab el-Mandeb makes it a prime candidate for military and economic initiatives aimed at curbing threats from the pro-Iranian Houthi militias.

Israel and UAE’s Strategic Interests

Recent reports reveal a burgeoning partnership between Israel, the UAE, and Somaliland to establish a military base in the port city of Berbera. The facility would allow Israel to launch preemptive strikes against Houthi targets and deter future attacks, while also enhancing surveillance capabilities in the Red Sea. Facilitated by Abu Dhabi, this collaboration underscores the UAE’s ambition to dominate strategic sea lanes, a goal it has pursued through substantial investments, including a $440 million project to develop Berbera’s port and airport infrastructure.

The UAE’s involvement extends beyond Somaliland to Yemen’s Socotra archipelago, where a joint Israeli-Emirati military and intelligence facility already operates. Somaliland’s potential role as a Red Sea security hub aligns seamlessly with these broader objectives, further cementing the region’s importance in countering Houthi and Iranian influence.

The U.S. Factor

Somaliland’s rising profile is also drawing attention from the United States, particularly among Republicans aligned with former President Donald Trump. Influential figures and think tanks, including the Heritage Foundation, are advocating for Somaliland’s recognition as an independent state. They view Somaliland as a stable and reliable partner in a region where Chinese and Russian influence is expanding.

A U.S. recognition of Somaliland could serve multiple strategic purposes:

Countering China: With Beijing maintaining a military base in nearby Djibouti, recognition of Somaliland would provide the U.S. with a foothold to monitor Chinese activities in the Horn of Africa.

Tackling Houthi Militias: The establishment of a U.S.-aligned base in Somaliland would strengthen efforts to neutralize threats from Yemen.

Monitoring Weapons Movement: Somaliland could become a key node for U.S. intelligence operations in the volatile Gulf of Aden.

While Israel and the UAE see Somaliland as a linchpin in their strategic calculus, the potential establishment of a military base in Berbera could heighten tensions in the already volatile Red Sea region. Egypt, which views any foreign military presence near the Suez Canal as a threat, might oppose such a development.

Moreover, the interplay of global powers, including the U.S., China, and Russia, adds another layer of complexity. Somaliland’s pursuit of international recognition could either elevate its strategic standing or entangle it further in regional and global rivalries.

Conclusion

Somaliland’s strategic location is transforming it into a coveted asset for nations seeking to secure their interests in the Horn of Africa. While Israeli-Emirati initiatives highlight the region’s growing importance, the potential for U.S. recognition adds a new dimension to its geopolitical value. However, these developments also risk further destabilizing the region, making Somaliland a focal point in the global chessboard of power and influence.

The world’s next moves regarding Somaliland will not only shape the future of the region but also redefine alliances and rivalries in the broader Red Sea corridor.

Once allies with shared strategic goals, Pakistan and Afghanistan are now locked in escalating tensions marked by cross-border violence and growing mistrust. The latest incident—a deadly airstrike by Pakistan in Afghanistan’s Paktika province—has widened the rift, highlighting a complex relationship that has deteriorated since the Taliban seized power in 2021.

On December 24, Pakistan launched airstrikes on the Barmal district in Paktika province, killing civilians, including women and children. While Islamabad claimed the strikes targeted Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) militants, Kabul accused Pakistan of violating its sovereignty and vowed retaliation. Afghanistan’s Taliban-led government condemned the attack as a “barbaric” act and summoned Pakistan’s envoy to express its outrage.

This is not the first time such incidents have occurred. Earlier this year, similar airstrikes prompted retaliatory fire from Afghanistan, reflecting a pattern of increasing hostility.

Pakistan’s military actions stem from a pressing security concern: the rise of the TTP. With safe havens allegedly in Afghanistan, the TTP has launched numerous attacks on Pakistani soil, making 2023 one of the bloodiest years in recent memory. Islamabad accuses Kabul of harboring the TTP, a claim the Taliban denies. Yet, the persistence of cross-border attacks underscores the failure of both nations to address this volatile issue.

The TTP’s resurgence highlights the fragility of Pakistan’s internal security. Once seen as a patron of the Afghan Taliban, Islamabad now faces blowback as militant groups exploit Afghanistan’s unregulated spaces to destabilize Pakistan.

Pakistan’s mass deportation of Afghan refugees has further strained relations. Citing security and economic pressures, Islamabad expelled over half a million Afghans, a move Kabul described as inhumane. For decades, Pakistan hosted millions of Afghan refugees, but its recent hardline approach reflects shifting priorities and dwindling tolerance for Afghan migrants amid economic challenges.

Historically, Pakistan supported the Afghan Taliban to counter Soviet influence and maintain strategic depth. However, the Taliban’s 2021 return to power disrupted this dynamic. Feeling emboldened by new partnerships with China, Russia, and Iran, the Taliban no longer see Pakistan as indispensable. Meanwhile, Islamabad, grappling with its own challenges, has found its influence over Kabul diminishing.

The deteriorating relationship between these two nations has regional and global implications. Border skirmishes, deportations, and growing ties between the Taliban and other nations complicate Pakistan’s strategic calculations. Efforts to mend ties seem unlikely in the near term, as both nations pursue divergent goals.

Pakistan and Afghanistan now stand as adversaries, their historical camaraderie overshadowed by mutual suspicion and unyielding national interests. Whether this relationship can be salvaged depends on pragmatic diplomacy and mutual recognition of shared security challenges—a path that remains uncertain amid escalating hostilities.

The revelation that Somali Al-Shabaab operatives have infiltrated Yemen to support the Houthis represents a perilous new dimension in the region’s already volatile conflict. Intelligence reports indicate that dozens of Al-Shabaab fighters, affiliated with Al-Qaeda, have been smuggled into Hodeidah and Abyan provinces under the coordination of Houthi forces and local Al-Qaeda leaders. This alliance of convenience is poised to escalate Yemen’s conflict and pose a broader threat to regional stability.

The Houthi-Al-Shabaab Nexus

The collaboration between Al-Shabaab and the Houthis, despite their differing ideological frameworks, underscores the pragmatic alliances terrorist organizations often forge to achieve tactical goals. The Houthis, who have long relied on external support from Iran and allied militias, now appear to be diversifying their sources of manpower and operational capacity by integrating Al-Shabaab fighters into their strategy. These operatives are reportedly being prepared for both land-based assaults and naval operations, signaling a multifaceted threat that could destabilize shipping lanes in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.

The Bigger Picture

This alarming development occurs amidst a backdrop of increasing challenges for the Houthis. As internal discontent grows within Houthi-controlled areas due to economic collapse, repression, and starvation, the group may be seeking to project strength through enhanced military operations. However, their reliance on external operatives such as Al-Shabaab reflects both desperation and a willingness to exploit regional terrorist networks to maintain their grip on power.

The partnership between the Houthis and Al-Shabaab represents a calculated yet dangerous escalation in Yemen’s conflict. If left unchecked, this alliance threatens to spill instability across borders, jeopardizing regional and global security. For the international community, this is a call to action to curb the influence of these extremist groups before their collaboration further entrenches chaos in one of the world’s most fragile regions.

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Idil Abdullahi Goley’s harrowing tale of survival at sea sheds light on the profound desperation driving thousands of Somalis to risk their lives in search of better futures. Her story is both a testament to the resilience of migrants and a tragic reflection of the humanitarian and political failures in Somalia that leave individuals like her with few viable options.

A Deadly Route Through the Indian Ocean

Goley’s journey began with hope but quickly turned into a nightmare. After paying $6,500 to smugglers, she joined dozens of other migrants on a perilous voyage from Somalia to Mayotte, a French territory in the Indian Ocean. With engines failing and smugglers abandoning them, Goley and her companions endured 13 days of dehydration, hunger, and despair. Many perished, including children, and Goley was forced to watch helplessly as friends died in her arms.

This tragedy is not isolated. It is part of a broader trend of Somali migrants taking increasingly dangerous routes to escape violence, economic collapse, and environmental disasters like cyclones. The Indian Ocean route, lesser-known than the perilous Mediterranean crossings, highlights the lengths to which people will go to flee dire circumstances.

Root Causes of the Crisis

The plight of Somali migrants like Goley is rooted in a complex web of issues:

Persistent Instability: Decades of conflict and weak governance have left Somalia in a state of near-constant insecurity. Attacks by extremist groups like al-Shabaab continue to terrorize communities, making daily life precarious.

Economic Collapse: Opportunities for meaningful livelihoods are scarce. Many Somalis, including Goley, resort to informal or small-scale businesses, but these often fail to sustain families, prompting risky decisions.

Climate Shocks: Droughts, floods, and cyclones have devastated agricultural and pastoral livelihoods, displacing millions and adding to the already overwhelming humanitarian crisis.

Lack of Institutional Support: While Somalia’s government promises help, many migrants see little hope of tangible change. The assurance of support from officials often rings hollow, driving many to gamble on another dangerous journey.

The Human Cost

The psychological toll of these journeys is immeasurable. Survivors like Goley and her fellow passengers carry deep scars, haunted by the images of loved ones lost at sea. Yet the desperation at home often outweighs the trauma, compelling many to attempt the journey again despite the risks.

For families, the pain is twofold—losing loved ones to the sea or watching them embark on journeys they may never survive. Goley’s mother, who wasted away with worry during her daughter’s ordeal, now fears she will never see her child again.

The Smugglers’ Exploitation

Human smugglers prey on this desperation, turning it into profit. They promise safety and opportunity but often abandon their charges in dangerous conditions, as Goley’s experience illustrates. The lack of international oversight and accountability allows such networks to flourish, exacerbating the crisis.

What Must Change?

The recurring tragedies call for immediate and long-term action:

Strengthening Governance in Somalia: Addressing the root causes of migration requires improving security, creating economic opportunities, and investing in infrastructure. Somalia’s government, with international support, must prioritize stability and development.

Targeting Smuggling Networks: Regional and global cooperation is essential to dismantle human smuggling operations that profit from the misery of vulnerable populations.

Providing Safe Migration Alternatives: Establishing legal pathways for migration and asylum could reduce reliance on dangerous routes, saving countless lives.

Global Responsibility: Wealthy nations, particularly in Europe, must address the systemic issues that fuel migration. This includes providing aid, engaging in fair asylum policies, and supporting development initiatives in origin countries.

A Cycle of Despair

Despite the assurances of Somali officials, Goley’s determination to try again underscores the depth of the crisis. Her belief that imprisonment in a foreign land would still offer a better life than remaining in Somalia speaks volumes about the hopelessness many feel.

For every successful migrant who reaches a safer place, countless others perish. As long as the conditions driving such perilous journeys persist, the seas will continue to claim lives, and families like Goley’s will remain trapped in cycles of loss and despair.

A Moral Imperative

The international community must confront the Somali migrant crisis not as a distant tragedy but as a shared responsibility. Behind every headline of a capsized boat or a grieving family lies a story of resilience, desperation, and untapped potential. The world cannot afford to look away as Somalia’s future drifts further into the abyss.

Saudi Arabia’s decision to pause its bid for full membership in BRICS has sparked speculation about its geopolitical calculations amid escalating tensions with the incoming U.S. administration. The move, reported by Russian news agency Interfax and confirmed by Yuri Ushakov, a Kremlin foreign policy advisor, highlights the delicate balancing act Riyadh faces between forging closer ties with BRICS nations and maintaining its strategic relationship with Washington.

Context of the Freeze

Saudi Arabia was invited to join BRICS in 2023 as part of the bloc’s expansion, which welcomed new members like Egypt, Iran, the UAE, and Ethiopia. However, its membership never formally materialized, with Saudi officials maintaining that they had not yet fully joined the bloc. This cautious approach has now culminated in a freeze, with the timing coinciding with heightened U.S. scrutiny of BRICS and threats of punitive tariffs.

President-elect Donald Trump has pledged to impose 100% tariffs on BRICS member states if the bloc adopts a common currency to challenge the U.S. dollar’s dominance. While Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar dismissed the notion of a BRICS currency as speculative, Trump’s rhetoric underscores his administration’s suspicion of the bloc’s growing influence.

Russia’s role as the current BRICS chair adds another layer to the narrative. Moscow’s withdrawal of a statement in October that prematurely referred to Saudi Arabia as a member reflected Riyadh’s hesitance to fully commit, signaling that its freeze on membership may have been brewing for months.

Saudi Arabia’s decision is emblematic of its strategic recalibration in an increasingly multipolar world. BRICS offers an alternative to Western-dominated economic institutions, aligning with Riyadh’s vision of economic diversification under Vision 2030. However, joining BRICS risks alienating the United States, its longstanding security partner and a key economic ally.

Trump’s threats of tariffs further complicate Saudi Arabia’s calculus. The U.S. remains a critical trading partner and security guarantor for Riyadh. A sudden pivot toward BRICS, particularly amid Washington’s growing hostility toward the bloc, could jeopardize these ties.

Moreover, Saudi Arabia’s rivalry with Iran, another BRICS member, likely influences its hesitancy. While recent rapprochements have reduced tensions, aligning with a bloc that includes Tehran could create internal and regional backlash.

The Dollar Dilemma

At the heart of this dynamic is the U.S. dollar’s dominance. BRICS has hinted at exploring alternatives to the dollar in international trade, an initiative that has alarmed Washington. For Saudi Arabia, whose oil trade is tightly linked to the petrodollar system, such a shift would be a seismic economic gamble.

Riyadh’s decision to freeze its BRICS membership suggests a desire to avoid exacerbating tensions with the U.S., especially as Trump prepares to take office. The potential tariffs serve as a stark reminder of the economic leverage Washington wields over its allies.

Russia’s presidency of BRICS has added urgency to its push for Saudi membership, viewing Riyadh as a key partner in counterbalancing Western influence. However, Saudi Arabia’s freeze represents a setback for Moscow, underscoring the challenges BRICS faces in uniting countries with divergent priorities.

For BRICS, Saudi Arabia’s hesitancy underscores the limits of its appeal as an alternative global bloc. While the group has successfully expanded its membership, convincing major players like Saudi Arabia to fully align remains a challenge.

A Delicate Balancing Act

Saudi Arabia’s freeze on BRICS membership reflects its broader geopolitical strategy of maintaining flexibility while navigating the complex dynamics of U.S.-China rivalry, Middle Eastern politics, and global economic shifts. The move highlights Riyadh’s reluctance to commit fully to any single bloc, preserving its ability to maneuver between competing powers.

As Trump’s administration prepares to take the reins, Riyadh’s cautious approach signals that it is acutely aware of the high stakes involved. By pausing its BRICS membership bid, Saudi Arabia underscores the importance of preserving its strategic partnership with the United States while continuing to explore new alliances in an evolving global order.

The latest breakdown of the undersea power cable between Finland and Estonia adds to a growing list of concerning incidents in the Baltic Sea. While Finnish authorities have yet to determine the cause of the outage, the suggestion of sabotage looms ominously. This incident, the cutting of the EstLink 2 cable, underscores an escalating pattern of disruptions to critical energy and communication infrastructure in a region already strained by geopolitical tensions.

Sabotage is not being ruled out, especially considering a series of similar incidents in recent months. Finnish Prime Minister Petteri Orpo’s assurance that electricity supplies remain unaffected does little to ease concerns, as the incident raises questions about the security of vital infrastructure in the Baltic region.

This is not the first time undersea cables or pipelines in the area have been compromised. In November, telecom cables linking Sweden and Denmark were severed, and in October, a gas pipeline between Finland and Estonia was shut down after damage attributed to a Chinese cargo ship. The incidents have sparked fears of covert actions aimed at destabilizing critical connections across Europe.

Suspicion in the Baltic’s recent disruptions has centered on two major players: China and Russia. In the November case involving the telecom cables, the Chinese ship Yi Peng 3 emerged as a prime suspect. Swedish authorities requested an investigation into the ship’s activities, but Beijing reportedly denied cooperation.

Meanwhile, Russia remains a focal point of European apprehension. The Kremlin has faced accusations of sabotage linked to the Nord Stream pipeline explosions in September 2022 and other incidents, though it has dismissed these claims as “absurd.” Given Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine and its history of hybrid warfare tactics, European officials cannot ignore the possibility of Moscow exploiting the Baltic Sea to undermine regional stability.

The Baltic Sea is a critical artery for energy, communication, and trade routes in Northern Europe. Damage to infrastructure like the EstLink 2 cable has broader implications, threatening economic stability and strategic connectivity. The sea’s significance has only grown since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has heightened NATO’s focus on securing the region.

The disruptions come amidst intensified military activity and surveillance in the Baltic. NATO member states, including Finland and Estonia, are increasingly vulnerable to acts of hybrid warfare—covert operations designed to destabilize without direct military confrontation.

The Baltic’s vulnerabilities are becoming increasingly apparent. From the Nord Stream pipeline explosions to the cutting of energy cables, the region has seen repeated assaults on its infrastructure. Each incident amplifies fears of a coordinated campaign to undermine European unity and resilience.

The involvement of Chinese or Russian actors, whether directly or through proxies, would represent a deliberate effort to exploit these vulnerabilities. Such actions could be intended to weaken European resolve on issues like Ukraine or to challenge NATO’s ability to protect its members effectively.

The Baltic Sea is emerging as a focal point for hybrid warfare, with critical infrastructure being targeted at an alarming rate. While the precise cause of the EstLink 2 breakdown remains unknown, the region’s recent history makes sabotage a plausible explanation.

European nations must prioritize securing undersea infrastructure and enhancing coordination to address threats in the Baltic. Greater international cooperation, technological investments, and transparent investigations are needed to counter this shadowy, subaqueous campaign.

As geopolitical tensions remain high, the Baltic Sea stands as both a strategic lifeline and a potential flashpoint. The stakes are immense—not just for the nations bordering its waters but for the stability of Europe as a whole.

In war-torn Yemen, the Houthis have weaponized desperation and terror through an extraordinary tool: the Zainabiyat, an all-female militia tasked with oppressing women and fueling the Houthi war effort. Under the guise of “supporting Gaza,” these women have become enforcers of terror, coercing donations, recruiting child soldiers, and perpetuating atrocities against vulnerable women and girls.

The Zainabiyat’s activities paint a chilling picture of exploitation masked as solidarity. Reports reveal forced participation of women and girls in “Support Gaza” events, where attendees are compelled to surrender their jewelry and money. While ostensibly aiding the Palestinian cause, these funds enrich the Houthis’ war machine. Living in abject poverty, many Yemeni women see their last resources stripped away by intimidation and outright violence.

The Zainabiyat are not merely fundraisers; they are agents of a systemic campaign of repression. Reports from human rights organizations describe their involvement in arbitrary arrests, torture, and sexual assaults in secret detention centers. Their reach extends beyond Yemen’s borders, with training reportedly provided by Iranian and Lebanese operatives. This collaboration highlights the broader regional connections between the Houthis and Iran’s Shiite axis, mirroring patterns seen in Hezbollah’s operations in Lebanon.

Witness accounts from Sana’a illustrate the oppressive nature of these operations. Women recall home invasions and threats to coerce their participation. Teenage girls, too, have been targeted for recruitment under the pretext of supporting the Houthi cause. This calculated exploitation taps into Yemen’s deeply entrenched patriarchal norms, using cultural and religious pretexts to justify oppression.

The Houthis’ appropriation of religious and political narratives further deepens their manipulation. Events organized under the banner of Fatimah al-Zahra’s birthday—an occasion revered in many Muslim countries—have been weaponized for propaganda and recruitment. Far from empowering women, these activities entrench them in a system of subjugation and violence.

The exploitation of the Palestinian cause adds another layer of cynicism. Many Yemeni women have expressed outrage at the pretense that their donations benefit Gaza, knowing that these resources are diverted to fund local conflict and enrich Houthi leadership. This betrayal underscores the Houthis’ strategy of leveraging global narratives to mask local corruption and oppression.

The Zainabiyat are emblematic of the Houthis’ broader strategy, which mirrors the tactics of other Iran-backed groups. By intertwining ideology, repression, and militarization, the Houthis reinforce their grip on power while aligning themselves with Tehran’s regional ambitions. This alignment raises questions about the role of international actors in perpetuating or countering such dynamics.

The Houthis’ use of the Zainabiyat underscores the intersection of gender-based violence, political exploitation, and regional power struggles in Yemen’s protracted conflict. The international community must confront these atrocities not only as human rights violations but as a deliberate strategy of war. Accountability for the Zainabiyat’s actions and broader Houthi policies is crucial to addressing Yemen’s crisis and curtailing the influence of regional actors who enable such exploitation. Only by addressing these systemic issues can justice be served and genuine support extended to the people of Yemen.

The conflicts between the Isaaq and Ogaden clans in Ethiopia’s Somali Region are emblematic of deeply rooted historical, political, and socio-economic tensions that have evolved into a struggle for dominance and survival. The recent events in Da’awaley underscore the broader dynamics of marginalization, territorial disputes, and the destructive role of external actors exploiting these vulnerabilities.

Historically, the Isaaq, a prominent clan with a distinct identity and historical footprint in both Somaliland and Ethiopia, has faced systematic marginalization. Despite having over 256 established villages and towns in the Ethiopian Somali Region, the Isaaq lack political representation and administrative recognition, unlike other clans. This disparity has left them vulnerable to aggression, most notably from the Ogaden clan, which dominates the Somali Region’s political apparatus.

The latest aggression by the Liyuu Police, a paramilitary force dominated by the Ogaden clan, in Da’awaley reflects a continuation of targeted hostilities against the Isaaq. These attacks are not isolated incidents but part of a broader campaign to assert territorial and political control. The Da’awaley massacre, coupled with the kidnapping of an Isaaq elder, signals a deliberate attempt to undermine Isaaq influence and resolve in the region.

This situation is exacerbated by resource competition. Both clans rely heavily on pastoral livelihoods, and climate change has intensified scarcity, turning disputes over grazing lands and water into violent confrontations. The Isaaq’s strategic position along trade routes and their economic contributions make them a significant player in the region, but their lack of administrative backing leaves them at a disadvantage.

The recent events also highlight a troubling pattern of Ethiopian authorities failing to rein in the Liyuu Police. This force has long been accused of human rights abuses, targeting non-Ogaden clans under the guise of maintaining order. The Ethiopian government’s reluctance to address these violations undermines its credibility and fuels perceptions of complicity.

The Isaaq’s demands for administrative recognition and equitable resource distribution are not only justified but essential for regional stability. Their proposal to create distinct regional provinces or align with Oromia Federal State represents a pragmatic approach to addressing their grievances. Such measures would mitigate tensions, enhance local governance, and promote inclusivity.

Achieving lasting peace requires a multifaceted strategy. Ethiopia must prioritize equitable political representation and enforce strict accountability for paramilitary actions. At the same time, dialogue facilitated by neutral parties could pave the way for reconciliation. Regional and international actors should support these efforts, ensuring that external influences do not derail the peace process.

The Isaaq-Ogaden conflict is a microcosm of broader issues in the Horn of Africa, where historical grievances, resource scarcity, and political exclusion intersect to fuel instability. Resolving this conflict is not only crucial for the affected communities but also for the broader stability of Ethiopia and its neighboring states. Addressing the underlying issues with sincerity and urgency is the only path to sustainable peace and development in this fragile region.