In the complex geopolitical landscape of the Horn of Africa, Turkey’s involvement has emerged as a double-edged sword, particularly in relation to Somaliland. As we delve into the multifaceted role of Turkey in this region, it becomes increasingly clear that their motives extend beyond mere economic interests; they seek to weave a narrative that undermines the very sovereignty of Somaliland while concurrently entrenching themselves within the fractured fabric of Somalia.

Turkey’s brazen maneuvers in Somalia have not gone unnoticed. The Turkish government is not just participating in the political chaos but is arguably one of the architects of its continuance. While the corrupt elite of the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) may be lured by the sweet promises of investment and development, the reality is that Ankara’s focus is not on their welfare but on establishing a strategic foothold in the Horn. Just imagine Somaliland’s potential as the beacon of hope for stability in a region often torn by conflict, yet watch as Turkey attempts to impose its will through a base intended to serve as a hub for its ambitions across Africa.

Look at the Turkish grip on key economic sectors in Somalia. By running vital infrastructures such as Aden Adde Airport and the Mogadishu Seaport, Turkey is maneuvering itself into a position of immense power, subtly coercing the FGS into compliance. This is not benevolence; it is a calculated strategy. They intend to exploit Somalia’s already vulnerable environment for their gain, while the people suffer from the aftermath of political mismanagement and societal breakdown.

The secret deals with the Somali President are alarming. By seeking to monopolize the marine resources of the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, Turkey is not just acting in the interests of Somalia but is effectively sidelining Somaliland’s rights to its own maritime resources. It is a cruel irony that as Somaliland strives for recognition and autonomy, neighboring powers—like Turkey, in partnership with China and Egypt—are conspiring to maintain Somalia’s false narrative of territorial integrity over the legitimate aspirations of Somaliland.

Such ambitions are further underscored by the unprecedented support provided to the Somali National Army (SNA) through arms and training. This alliance deeply strains Somaliland’s already fragile peace, as these forces are often weaponized against those advocating for the independence and sovereignty that Somalilanders deserve. As we look at how Somaliland’s legitimate concerns are continuously brushed aside, one cannot help but feel a sense of urgency—it is time to hold the line against these encroachments.

Moreover, the treatment of Somalilanders seeking medical assistance in Turkey reveals the true nature of bilateral relations. The refusal to acknowledge Somaliland’s travel documents and the exorbitant fees imposed on citizens are gestures rooted in disrespect, showing that Turkey views Somaliland through a narrow and disparaging lens. While Somalilanders strive for better health and well-being, they find themselves caught in a web of political disregard—an unfair reality enforced by Turkey’s so-called “partnership.”

We must reflect on why the current Somaliland government has rekindled ties with Ankara, a so-called ally whose track record of neutrality is far from commendable. In previous negotiations, Turkey’s partiality was so glaring that past governments refused to accept it as a mediator. The question looms: what has changed? Is it desperation, or is there a deeper motive at play driving this engagement?

The close cooperation between Somalia and Turkey poses a direct threat to Somaliland’s aspirations, especially given the strategic partnership with the UAE, which has invested significantly in Berbera. As Turkey watches from the sidelines, seeking to undermine this vital gateway, it becomes clear that the stakes have never been higher. With the alliances of Turkey, China, and Egypt converging against Somaliland’s interests, it is essential for Somalilanders to rally together, fortified by a shared sense of purpose, to defend their autonomy and aspirations.

In conclusion, the presence of Turkey in East Africa and its complicity in undermining Somaliland’s sovereignty is both a challenge and a clarion call for unity. As we mobilize against these threats, let us not forget that our strength lies not just in our military might, but in our unwavering commitment to uphold our rights and identity. The time to act is now, and the path forward must be rooted in solidarity, awareness, and resilience against the tides of external influence. It is through this lens that we must evaluate every move made by foreign powers and become proactive guardians of Somaliland’s future. Only then can we navigate these choppy waters and emerge victorious.

Mohamed W. Dualeh –

A Geopolitical analyst and expert on the Geo-political affairs of the Horn of Africa. A retired former UN SENIOR OFFICER.

Somaliland’s economy is dependent on Public Trust.

Most of the businessmen lend themselves hard money or its equivalent which is always linked to the services they are dealing with or their products. Such as, Medical Equipment, Construction Equipment, Furniture, ETC.

There are also businesses that form a union or merger, and form a single company that provides services together, and the two parties who enter into agreements usually agree that the value of the company being merged is not the other that is joining its immovable and non-removable property. In order to evaluate it, it is sent to an evaluation broker, and then the evaluation is taken together with the amount of the company’s share of the company it has joined (Company Share).

So, as I said earlier, the companies deal with two methods, one based on full Purchase and one based on debt, the two methods are mostly in the market based on the debt-based method, that is where we put the power of our writing, the importance of our writing is on. This issue has resulted in the Free Market of Somaliland leading to economic uncertainty which can lead to severe economic damage to the country’s economy.

In order to bring you closer to understanding, we are presenting here two ways of business that traders exchange things with each other, which we follow with live examples that happen every day in our market. We will also reveal the hidden dangers that cannot be hidden from the eyes.

 FIRST SCENARIO:-

In business based on this method, we will take an example of two companies, each of which does its own service, but it is not necessary for them to buy or borrow from each other, and it is based on their debt (i.e. when they pay the first debt, the second debt is given to them) – if the companies that work in construction, let’s take one of them as the first example, and let’s add those who sell construction materials, because they do business with each other. A construction company always buys building materials to build, and they often borrow from hardware stores for what they need. In the event that the construction company goes bankrupt or falls into a bad market, it always makes sure that the property or the debt owed is paid in shares or land.

The land is usually sold by brokers who do not have much knowledge of the effect it can have on the sale in their hands, and the government has no influence on the sale. Therefore, there is a lot of speculation in the land to be sold. On the other hand, the warehouse worker who buys the goods he sells with hard money always wants hard money to travel with.

A bankrupt or insolvent debtor will show that if he owes only $200,000 in two blocks of land in the city, he will only pay that amount if he has no balance. So, the main issue and tension is where the land that was transferred to the building materials dealer gets news one day that the land is not being sold for what it was assessed for, or something close to it. He is looking for someone to buy the land because he lacked hard money. Finally, he may find out the truth and the market will correct itself (Self Correction: Market). This property was missing firstly from the businessman, and secondly it was missing from the entire country’s economy, which is the danger that we are warning about happening.

SECOND SCENARIO: –

Companies that do business in the country trust each other and unite. In the second example, we take two companies that have united to sell only one service. Look at this: when the union takes place, the company that joins the other company is valued, as well as brokers are sent to evaluate the company’s assets. to make it $1,000,000 which is double according to the actual assessment of $600,000. The speculative price that is made, will affect the overall share of the company (Overall Share) as well as the correct price that the share is based on (Share Value).

At this point, it happens that the company’s shareholders have agreed on a false price that does not exist. As a result, the company’s share of its own shareholders will go against the market and the market will tell the truth, and this will result in the profit that the company brings when the two companies merge.

That will affect the country’s economy.

The analysis illustrates significant concerns in the economic landscape of Somaliland, particularly with regard to debt-based business practices and the implications of company mergers. Here’s a breakdown of the key points:

Key Issues Identified

1. Debt-Based Business Practices:
   • Businesses, especially in construction, often operate on a debt basis where services are exchanged for future payments. This creates a precarious financial situation, especially if one party defaults.
   • When a company goes bankrupt, they may settle debts with assets (like land) rather than cash, leading to complications in asset valuation.
2. Valuation Challenges:
   • Independent brokers evaluate the assets, but this can lead to overvaluation due to lack of market information or expertise. This dynamic can lead to speculative pricing in the land and property market.
   • A mismatch between the assessed value and actual market value can cause significant economic repercussions when bankruptcies occur or assets are liquidated.
3. Merger Valuations:
   • In situations where companies merge, inflated asset valuations can occur. When a company is valued significantly higher than its true worth, it creates a risk for shareholders and misaligns market expectations.
   • This could lead to stock price volatility and impact overall investor confidence, thereby affecting the country’s economic stability.

Potential Consequences

• Economic Uncertainty: The reliance on debt and speculative asset valuation contributes to economic instability, making it difficult for businesses to plan or invest for the future.
• Market Corrections: If overvalued assets become apparent, it can lead to sharp corrections in the market, resulting in losses for investors and further economic turmoil.
• Lack of Regulation: The absence of stringent regulations or oversight can exacerbate these issues, leading to a volatile economic environment where businesses operate with high risk.

Recommendations

To mitigate these concerns, a few strategies could be employed:

1. Enhanced Valuation Standards: Implementing stricter guidelines for property and asset valuation can help ensure more accurate pricing and reduce speculation.
2. Financial Education: Providing education to business owners and investors about sound financial practices may reduce reliance on debt and encourage more sustainable growth strategies.
3. Regulatory Frameworks: Establishing firm regulations regarding mergers and acquisitions can prevent inflated valuations and ensure transparency, thus maintaining market integrity.
4. Encouraging Diversification: Incentivizing businesses to diversify their operations and reduce reliance on debt could create a more resilient economic environment.

Mohamed Adam Ruush

Senior Banker and Corporate Law.

Opportunities and Challenges Amid Internal Conflicts and Regional Crises.

By: Mahad Ahmed
Security Specialist

Somaliland’s appointment of its first National Security Advisor (NSA) marks a pivotal moment in its governance and security evolution. This move underscores the nation’s commitment to addressing both internal conflicts and external pressures in the volatile Horn of Africa. Against the backdrop of disputes in Sool and Sanaag, and broader crises in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, the NSA’s role is poised to redefine Somaliland’s security strategy and diplomatic posture.

Addressing Internal Conflict: Bridging Gaps in Stability

While Somaliland has maintained a reputation for relative stability compared to Somalia, the eastern regions of Sool and Sanaag remain flashpoints of unrest. Clan rivalries and territorial disputes fuel these tensions, often exacerbated by weak governance structures and limited security presence. The NSA’s primary mission lies in crafting a comprehensive security strategy that transcends traditional military responses.

By emphasizing community engagement and fostering dialogue with local leaders, the NSA can work to resolve longstanding grievances and resource disputes. This holistic approach aims not only to quell immediate violence but to build enduring stability through trust and reconciliation. Successful initiatives here could serve as a model for Somaliland’s broader governance framework, bridging divides and fostering national unity.

Opportunities for Consolidated Governance and Security

The establishment of the NSA role opens a path for enhanced governance and conflict resolution. With a centralized figure leading national security, Somaliland can streamline coordination among its security forces, local administrations, and civil society groups. This whole-of-government approach ensures policies are contextually relevant and effectively address the root causes of conflict.

International partnerships also offer significant opportunities. Engaging with global allies and organizations can bring vital resources and expertise to Somaliland’s peacebuilding efforts. For instance, securing funding for development projects targeting socio-economic inequalities in conflict-prone areas could mitigate unrest and promote sustainable peace.

Navigating Regional Crises in the Horn of Africa

The geopolitical volatility of the Horn of Africa presents additional complexities for Somaliland. Regional threats, including piracy, Houthi aggression, and the strategic maneuvers of global powers, demand a nuanced and adaptive security strategy.

Somaliland’s NSA will play a crucial role in aligning national interests with regional dynamics. Diplomatic engagement with foreign military actors operating in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden will be essential to ensure their activities support, rather than undermine, Somaliland’s sovereignty and security objectives. Collaborative intelligence-sharing agreements with international partners can also bolster Somaliland’s capacity to counter extremism and prevent cross-border violence from destabilizing its territories.

Challenges in Implementation: Resource and Political Constraints

Despite these opportunities, significant challenges lie ahead. Limited financial and material resources constrain Somaliland’s ability to field adequately trained and equipped security forces. Addressing these gaps will be critical to the NSA’s success in both managing internal conflicts and safeguarding against regional threats.

Internal political dynamics pose additional hurdles. Clan-based divisions and competing interests can hinder consensus on security priorities. The NSA must navigate these sensitivities with diplomacy and tact, fostering trust among stakeholders while building a unified approach to governance and security.

Balancing immediate security needs with long-term development goals adds another layer of complexity. While addressing violence in regions like Sool and Sanaag is urgent, sustainable peace requires investments in socio-economic initiatives that tackle the root causes of instability. The NSA’s mandate must therefore integrate security with development to achieve holistic progress.

A Crucial Role in Somaliland’s Aspirations

The NSA’s role is not just a response to immediate crises but a cornerstone of Somaliland’s vision for stability and self-determination. Success in addressing internal conflicts and regional challenges will enhance Somaliland’s governance credibility and strengthen its case for international recognition. By demonstrating resilience and proactive leadership in a complex geopolitical environment, Somaliland can solidify its position as a beacon of stability in the Horn of Africa.

As Somaliland embarks on this transformative journey, the NSA’s effectiveness will shape not only the country’s security landscape but also its aspirations for peace, development, and global standing.

By Mahad Ahmed
Maritime Security Specialist

The unrecognized yet ambitious Republic of Somaliland is quietly setting a precedent in maritime security and global economic diplomacy. As the world grapples with increasing geopolitical tensions, Somaliland’s inclusive approach—engaging powers like the USA, China, Russia, and the UAE—offers a blueprint for nations navigating the turbulent waters of modern geopolitics.

This strategy is more than a survival mechanism; it is a bold declaration of Somaliland’s sovereignty and its rightful place in the global community. Somaliland is not just safeguarding its own interests but demonstrating how small states can build strategic alliances to achieve both security and economic prosperity in the face of adversity.

The Gulf of Aden’s Overlooked Player

The Gulf of Aden is a lifeline for global trade, but it is also one of the most volatile maritime corridors in the world. Rampant piracy, illegal fishing, and regional conflicts threaten this vital artery, and despite years of international naval patrols, stability remains elusive.

Amid these challenges, Somaliland has emerged as a key player, leveraging its strategic location to address maritime insecurity head-on. Unlike Somalia, whose instability has long been a focal point of international intervention, Somaliland has managed to maintain peace and establish functional governance. Yet, despite this achievement, Somaliland remains excluded from formal international recognition—a glaring oversight that undermines global efforts to secure the region.

Somaliland’s maritime security strategy is both pragmatic and inclusive. It works with global powers not just to protect its waters but to ensure safe passage for international shipping. In doing so, Somaliland has positioned itself as an indispensable partner in the collective fight against piracy and maritime crime.

Building Partnerships in a Fractured World

Somaliland’s engagement with major global players is a masterclass in diplomacy. While many nations struggle to balance relationships with competing powers, Somaliland has skillfully partnered with the USA, China, Russia, and the UAE, avoiding overdependence on any single actor.

The United States sees Somaliland as a critical ally in counterterrorism and maritime security, aligning with its broader strategy for the Horn of Africa. This partnership underscores the importance of Somaliland’s stability as a bulwark against extremism in the region.

China’s Belt and Road Initiative has drawn Somaliland into its orbit, particularly through investments in port development. The Port of Berbera, developed with significant Chinese input, is now a key logistics hub that serves both Somaliland and neighboring landlocked nations like Ethiopia.

Russia, meanwhile, views Somaliland as a gateway for re-establishing its influence in Africa. Military cooperation and arms trade offer Somaliland opportunities to diversify its defense partnerships while reducing dependence on Western nations.

The UAE has perhaps been Somaliland’s most active partner, investing heavily in port facilities and infrastructure. By facilitating the expansion of the Port of Berbera, the UAE has bolstered Somaliland’s economic prospects while securing its own maritime trade routes.

This ability to collaborate with rival powers is a lesson in pragmatism. Somaliland understands that its survival and success depend on balanced relationships—not ideological allegiances.

Beyond Security: Economic Growth as a Strategic Imperative

Somaliland’s focus on maritime security is not an end in itself; it is the foundation for economic development. The Port of Berbera is at the heart of this strategy, serving as a gateway for regional trade. By transforming Berbera into a modern logistics hub, Somaliland is not only enhancing its own economy but also providing landlocked neighbors like Ethiopia with access to international markets.

Economic diversification is equally critical. Somaliland’s government has prioritized foreign investment and is working to develop industries like agriculture, fisheries, and tourism. These initiatives are essential for long-term resilience, especially as global competition for resources intensifies.

However, Somaliland’s ambitions cannot be fully realized without international recognition. Lack of formal status limits its ability to access global financial institutions and secure long-term development partnerships. This is a challenge the international community must urgently address.

International Community

The international community has much to learn from Somaliland’s holistic approach to security and economic cooperation. By engaging with global powers pragmatically and inclusively, Somaliland is charting a path that small states in volatile regions can emulate.

But Somaliland cannot—and should not—do this alone. Global powers that have benefited from Somaliland’s strategic location and stability must do more to support its efforts. Recognition of Somaliland’s sovereignty is no longer just a moral imperative; it is a strategic necessity for ensuring stability in the Horn of Africa and beyond.

Somaliland’s journey is a testament to the power of vision and diplomacy. It is time for the world to reward its efforts with recognition and meaningful partnerships that reflect its critical role in regional and global security.

The recent announcement of Somaliland’s presidential election and the exclusion of Faisal Ali Warabe from the race has drawn both reflection and debate. Coupled with the UCID Party’s loss of national status, this development may seem like a setback for one of Somaliland’s most steadfast political figures. However, it underscores a larger truth: leadership is not bound by titles or political victories but by an enduring commitment to principles and the pursuit of transformative ideals.

Faisal Ali Warabe’s journey in Somaliland’s political sphere has always transcended personal ambition. His vision is deeply rooted in the dream of a free, independent, and prosperous Somaliland—a nation defined by justice, unity, and integrity. In an era where political maneuvering often overshadows ideology, Faisal has stood as a bastion of principles, unshaken by adversity or the allure of power.

A Statesman Beyond Political Office

History offers numerous examples of leaders who shaped nations without holding formal political power. Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Václav Havel are celebrated not for titles but for their courage to stand by their convictions. Faisal Ali Warabe’s role in Somaliland echoes this tradition. His unwavering integrity and commitment to African socialism as a tool for eradicating poverty highlight his dedication to a fair and equitable society.

Faisal’s approach to politics is both unique and revolutionary in Somaliland. Unlike many of his contemporaries, he has consistently refused to exploit clannish loyalties or engage in corrupt practices. In a political environment often marred by nepotism and bribery, Faisal’s record remains unblemished—a testament to his moral fortitude.

A Guardian of Somaliland’s Democracy

Throughout his career, Faisal has served as a vital voice in Somaliland’s democratic evolution. His critiques—measured and constructive—have held governments and opposition parties accountable, steering the political discourse towards the nation’s collective welfare. His work in bridging divides and championing cultural institutions has reinforced the stability of Somaliland’s governance, ensuring that tradition and progress coexist harmoniously.

Even in the absence of a candidacy or political platform, Faisal’s influence is indispensable. As the architect of Somaliland socialism, he continues to inspire movements grounded in ideology rather than opportunism. His vision remains a guiding force for those who believe in a united Somaliland that prioritizes the welfare of its people.

A Legacy That Transcends Electoral Cycles

Faisal Ali Warabe’s exclusion from the upcoming elections should not be seen as a defeat but as a transformation of his role in Somaliland’s political journey. Leadership, as he embodies it, transcends the confines of office. His ideals—integrity, justice, and unwavering commitment to Somaliland’s independence—form a legacy that will endure far beyond the current electoral cycle.

For his supporters, this moment calls for renewed resolve. Faisal’s mission is far from over; his principles continue to serve as a foundation for Somaliland’s progress. To his critics, his resilience is a reminder that true leadership cannot be extinguished by political setbacks.

A Path Forward for Somaliland

As Somaliland navigates its political future, Faisal Ali Warabe’s vision remains an indomitable force. His steadfast belief in a just and united Somaliland offers a roadmap for overcoming the challenges ahead. His exclusion from the presidential race, while significant, does not diminish the ideals he represents—ideals that are vital to the nation’s continued quest for recognition and prosperity.

Faisal is not vanquished. His spirit and vision endure, lighting the path for Somaliland to rise as a beacon of hope, integrity, and progress.

Long live Somaliland, and long live the ideals of Faisal Ali Warabe.

Ahmed Aideed – A Loyal Supporter of Faisal Ali Warabe

Somaliland’s quest for recognition and rights to enter into international agreements is not merely a legal formality; it is a rightful assertion of its distinct identity and governance, rooted deeply in the principles of self-determination and international law. As an entity that has governed itself since restored its  independence on May 18, 1991, Somaliland has demonstrated not only its capability for self-governance but also its commitment to peace and stability in a region fraught with challenges. Somaliland is not a remnant of Somalia; it is an independent entity that has carved out a significant narrative of resilience and sovereignty.

Historically, Somaliland operated as the British Somaliland Protectorate, distinct from the Italian colonies that formed modern Somalia. This nuanced colonial history, coupled with Somaliland’s initial independence on June 26, 1960, underscores its legitimate claim to statehood. Unlike the hasty merger with Somalia that followed, which lacked the necessary legal frameworks—no parliamentary approval, no binding international agreements, and no ensuing endorsement by the global community—Somaliland’s historical and legal paths toward sovereignty are clear and compelling.

In an increasingly interconnected world, the importance of international agreements cannot be overstated, and Somaliland’s ability to enter these agreements is not just a political maneuver; it is a recognition of its existence as a state by others, an affirmation of its rights, and a testament to its capability and willingness to engage peacefully on the global stage. Somaliland has proactively engaged in agreements with nations like the United Kingdom, Ethiopia, and the United Arab Emirates. These are not merely transactional; they signify trust and recognition in Somaliland’s governance and stability. Moreover, the agreements serve international interests by promoting security, trade, and development in a region often marked by turbulence.

The principles outlined in the Montevideo Convention of 1933 stipulate the criteria for statehood—permanent population, defined territory, a functioning government, and the capacity to engage in relations with other states—are all criteria that Somaliland meets. With a robust government that has demonstrated its efficacy in providing for its citizens, maintaining law and order, and fostering economic development, Somaliland has shown it is more than capable of fulfilling the responsibilities that come with sovereignty.

Given its historical context and legal status, Somaliland firmly stands on solid ground. The international community has recognized that the union with Somalia is fraught with unresolved issues, establishing that Somaliland’s aspirations for recognition derive from a historical right and ongoing legitimacy, rather than a mere desire to exit a dysfunctional political arrangement. Furthermore, the claims by Somalia lack substantiation due to the absence of an official agreement ratified by legitimate authorities, which only strengthens Somaliland’s position.

International consensus continues to grow. The 2005 African Union’s fact-finding mission acknowledged Somaliland’s unique status and highlighted its contributions to peace and stability in the Horn of Africa. This recognition from a premier continental body serves as a reminder of Somaliland’s distinct identity and its legitimate aspirations.

The future of Somaliland’s participation in international agreements rests not only on legal frameworks and historical narratives but also on the genuine will of the international community to recognize its efforts to pursue a peaceful and prosperous existence separate from the chaos that has often enveloped its southern neighbor. Facilitating Somaliland’s access to international agreements is an investment in regional stability and a promotion of human rights and governance that reflects the will of the people.

Ultimately, Somaliland’s case is not simply about legal technicalities; it is about the affirmation of its people’s rights, the recognition of their sacrifices, and the validation of their aspirations. The international community should embrace Somaliland’s quest for recognition, as it stands as an example of resilience, governance, and the enduring spirit of a people determined to reclaim their identity on the world stage. By acknowledging Somaliland’s rights to enter into international agreements, the world will not only be honoring a historical claim but also endorsing a peaceful future for the region, paving the way for cooperation based on mutual respect and shared goals. Somaliland’s story is one of hope, determination, and the unwavering pursuit of dignity—a narrative that deserves to be recognized, celebrated, and supported by the international community.

By; Abdullahi Ahmed Heef

The Truth Behind Somalia’s Claim Over Somaliland

Exposing Hypocrisy: The West’s Opposition to Somaliland-Ethiopia MoU

Somaliland Welcomes Ethiopia’s New Ambassador

Ethiopia’s Rightful Access to the Sea: Embracing Historical Ties with Somaliland

Strengthening Regional Cooperation: Somaliland-Ethiopia MoU

Ethiopia and Somaliland’s $80 Billion Red Sea Port Agreement to Revolutionize Regional Trade

Somaliland Oil Discovery Offshore, Marking Major Milestone