As Somaliland gears up for its presidential elections scheduled for November 13, 2024, over one million registered voters will head to the polls to determine their leader for the next five years. With incumbent President Muse Bihi Abdi representing the ruling Peace, Unity, and Development Party (KULMIYE), he faces competition from Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, known as “Irro” of the Waddani party, and Faisal Ali Warabe of the Justice and Development Party (UCID).
Candidates and Their Promises
In interviews, all three candidates have committed to strengthening Somaliland’s democracy, promoting economic development, and pushing for international recognition—something Somaliland has sought for 33 years without success.
President Muse Bihi Abdi, who has served since 2017, has highlighted the potential progress on a maritime deal signed with Ethiopia earlier this year. “Somaliland is ready to implement the MOU [Memorandum of Understanding], and we are awaiting Ethiopia so we can move forward,” he stated. He emphasized that this agreement serves both Somaliland’s need for recognition and Ethiopia’s need for access to the sea.
Irro, who previously served as Speaker of the House of Representatives for over 11 years, indicated his intention to resume talks with Somalia regarding Somaliland’s statehood aspirations. “If elected, I will resume the talks if the Somaliland interest lies there,” he remarked, acknowledging the pressure from the international community to engage in dialogue despite the longstanding goal of gaining recognition.
Faisal Ali Warabe proposed establishing a national unity government to achieve recognition for Somaliland. “If elected, I will lead Somaliland to recognition and a more prosperous road,” Warabe asserted.
Regional Tensions
The upcoming election occurs during a period of heightened tensions between Somalia and Ethiopia, primarily revolving around the recent Memorandum of Understanding. This agreement allows Ethiopia access to a 50-year lease of 20 kilometers of the Red Sea coastline, a deal that Somalia views as a direct threat to its sovereignty.
The signing of this agreement in January 2024 led to significant backlash in Mogadishu, prompting Somalia to expel Ethiopian diplomats and close Ethiopian consulates in the region. Despite the response, Ethiopian officials maintain the deal does not encroach on Somalia’s territorial integrity.
Additionally, previous rounds of talks mediated by Turkey in July and August 2024 have failed to resolve the dispute, with Somalia insisting on Ethiopia’s withdrawal from the agreement and Ethiopia maintaining its position.
Looking Ahead
Somaliland’s last presidential elections in 2017 faced significant delays, attributed to technical and financial constraints, sparking criticism from opposition parties. This electoral process will be crucial for Somaliland’s political future, especially in light of the ongoing regional tensions and its quest for international recognition.
As the elections approach, the Somaliland National Electoral Commission has emphasized its commitment to a transparent and fair electoral process. The outcome will not only affect the political landscape within Somaliland but could also have broader implications for the region’s diplomatic relations and stability. Voters will decide if they wish to continue under Bihi’s leadership or if they will embrace a new direction offered by Irro or Warabe.
