The People’s United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO) has alleged that its leader, Mlungisi Makhanya, was poisoned in an assassination attempt in South Africa. This claim brings renewed attention to the southern African kingdom, one of the world’s last remaining absolute monarchies, where authorities have long been accused of suppressing pro-democracy efforts.
Makhanya, a vocal pro-democracy leader, was reportedly poisoned just as he was preparing to lead new protests against King Mswati III’s regime next month. The poisoning has drawn condemnation from opposition groups across the region, including South Africa’s Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) party, which denounced it as an act of repression by Eswatini’s monarchy.
Makhanya’s alleged poisoning comes in the wake of other high-profile incidents, such as the assassination of human rights lawyer Thulani Maseko in 2022, which opposition leaders also blamed on the government. Although the government has consistently denied involvement in these incidents, they have fueled further unrest and calls for reform in Eswatini.
Eswatini, previously known as Swaziland, is ruled by King Mswati III, who wields extensive control over all branches of government. Since ascending the throne in 1986, Mswati has maintained a tight grip on power, with political parties banned since the 1970s, though some opposition movements like PUDEMO have been allowed limited operation. However, despite these restrictions, pro-democracy movements have grown stronger in recent years, culminating in widespread protests in 2021, which were met with violent repression by security forces.
The alleged poisoning of Makhanya, which occurred as he was organizing new demonstrations, highlights the ongoing tension between the monarchy and opposition groups. The king’s regime has long been accused of stifling dissent through force and intimidation. This latest incident could further inflame tensions, especially as Eswatini prepares for another wave of protests.
Makhanya’s alleged poisoning is likely to draw more international attention to Eswatini’s political situation. South Africa, which has been a haven for exiled opposition leaders, could face pressure to intervene diplomatically. South African political parties like the EFF have already condemned the attack and accused the Eswatini government of orchestrating it.
At the international level, human rights organizations have condemned Eswatini for its handling of pro-democracy protests, accusing the government of serious human rights violations, including the killing of protesters. The growing unrest and the government’s harsh response may prompt further scrutiny from bodies like the African Union and the United Nations.
King Mswati III has ruled Eswatini for nearly four decades, presiding over a monarchy known for its lavish displays of wealth amidst widespread poverty. He has faced growing criticism from his citizens and international observers for his extravagant lifestyle and the state’s failure to address basic social and economic needs. With poverty levels high and political freedoms severely restricted, calls for democratic reforms have gained momentum, particularly after the deadly crackdown on protesters in 2021.
The assassination of Thulani Maseko, a prominent human rights lawyer and PUDEMO member, and now the alleged poisoning of Makhanya are seen as part of a broader pattern of political repression under Mswati’s rule. The government’s denial of involvement in these incidents has done little to ease tensions, as no one has been held accountable for these violent acts.
The poisoning allegations against Makhanya have further escalated the already tense political climate in Eswatini. If the planned protests proceed, they could lead to a renewed crackdown by the government, resulting in further violence and repression. With opposition leaders increasingly under threat, the international community may need to engage more forcefully to prevent further bloodshed and support a peaceful transition toward democracy.
King Mswati’s continued refusal to engage with opposition groups or enact significant political reforms suggests that the country’s political impasse will persist, potentially destabilizing the nation. The actions taken in the coming months, both by Eswatini’s government and international actors, will likely determine whether the pro-democracy movement can gain ground or be suppressed once again.
