From Lebanon to Yemen — and now the Sahara? Washington fears Tehran’s shadow network is moving west.
U.S. Lawmakers Move to Label Polisario a Terror Group Amid Claims of IRGC and Hezbollah Support in Western Sahara.
For years, analysts tracked Iran’s expanding arc of influence across the Middle East — from Hezbollah in Lebanon to the Houthis in Yemen. Now, U.S. lawmakers warn that Tehran’s shadow war may be stretching beyond the Levant and Gulf, toward North Africa’s Atlantic coast.
A legislative push in Congress, led by Ted Cruz, seeks to designate the Polisario Front as a foreign terrorist organization. Supporters argue that intelligence pointing to Iranian and Hezbollah involvement with the group has transformed a long-running territorial dispute in Western Sahara into a broader security concern.
The Polisario Front, which seeks independence for Western Sahara from Morocco, has historically framed itself as a nationalist movement with Marxist-Leninist roots.
But reports circulating in Western and regional security circles allege that elements of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and Hezbollah have provided training, drones, mortars and other advanced weaponry to Polisario fighters in camps near Tindouf, Algeria.
Morocco severed diplomatic ties with Tehran in 2018, citing what it described as Hezbollah-backed military training for Polisario cadres. Iran has denied destabilizing activities in North Africa, and Polisario officials reject accusations of foreign military alignment. Yet the claims have gained renewed traction amid broader tensions between Washington and Tehran.
The strategic implications, if substantiated, would be significant. Iran’s regional model has often relied on cultivating non-state armed groups capable of exerting pressure without direct state confrontation. Extending such a model into the Maghreb would mark a geographic expansion beyond its traditional Middle Eastern theaters.
Western Sahara itself sits near key maritime routes connecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean. Security analysts caution that militarization of the dispute could add volatility to an already fragile belt stretching from the Sahel to Libya.
The proposed U.S. legislation would require annual assessments of alleged military cooperation between Polisario, Iran and Hezbollah. Designation under existing counterterrorism authorities could trigger sanctions and financial restrictions aimed at curbing funding streams.
Yet the situation remains complex. Western Sahara’s status has been contested for decades, and regional rivalries — including tensions between Morocco and Algeria — shape the landscape. Labeling Polisario a terrorist organization could recalibrate diplomatic dynamics in North Africa as much as it constrains Tehran.
The broader question is whether this represents a durable strategic foothold for Iran or a limited convergence of interests in a localized conflict. What is clear is that the map of confrontation between Washington and Tehran no longer appears confined to the Gulf.
If the allegations prove accurate, the U.S.–Iran shadow war may be entering a new phase — one that reaches from the deserts of Western Sahara to the wider Atlantic horizon.
