Analysis
Somaliland’s President Irro Engulfed by Political Fragmentation
Clan Tensions and Cabinet Chaos: Inside President Irro’s Most Dangerous Political Test.
HARGEISA — Not even a year into his presidency, Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi Irro finds himself boxed in by a convergence of political crises that threaten to overwhelm his administration.
What was meant to be a period of consolidation after a peaceful transfer of power has instead devolved into a landscape marked by factionalism, clan pressures and mounting diplomatic vulnerabilities. The stability that Somaliland has long projected to the world is now showing visible cracks.
The confrontation involving former president Muse Bihi Abdi at Cigaal International Airport has become the catalyst for a broader political unraveling.
What began as a dispute over vehicle access quickly escalated into gunshots, public outrage and, most dangerously, the mobilization of armed groups aligned with Bihi’s political base.
Their demand for an official government apology—accompanied by threats of retaliation—amounts to political coercion rooted in clan-based muscle. For a state that defines itself by its break from the militia politics of early 1990s Somaliland, this moment is deeply destabilizing.
Instead of containing the fallout, the government’s response intensified it. A statement by Minister of the Presidency Khadar Hussein Abdi—offering an apology while asserting that “Muse Bihi was wrong”—landed with equal parts confusion and frustration.
It signaled not conciliation but disarray, feeding into a growing perception that the executive is reactive, divided and unable to project coherent authority. For an administration already struggling to demonstrate internal discipline, the episode has become a symbol of weakness.
The airport standoff is only the most visible manifestation of a larger internal drift. Within Irro’s cabinet, conflicting public messages have become common, reflecting either poor coordination or deep ideological fissures. Both interpretations point to a governing structure that lacks cohesion at a time when unity is essential.
More alarming is the resurgence of clan politics, an old fault line that Somaliland worked for decades to contain. The recent dispute over the publication of the “Xeer Iise” customary law book revealed the administration’s inability to manage competing clan pressures.
The government’s abrupt reversal—from accepting the book to banning it amid rising tensions—underscored an executive caught between asserting national authority and placating powerful local constituencies. Meanwhile, clan elders increasingly dominate media debates in place of elected officials, signaling a drift away from institutional governance toward tribal arbitration.
This internal fragmentation comes at the worst possible moment. President Irro campaigned on the promise of achieving international recognition by late 2025—a deadline that now appears politically and diplomatically unrealistic.
Recognition requires stability, unity, and a government capable of demonstrating institutional maturity. Instead, Somaliland today presents an image of fracturing political order just as Somalia is exploiting diplomatic tools—such as new e-visa restrictions—to reinforce its own sovereignty narrative.
The cumulative effect is stark: President Irro is not navigating a temporary turbulence but confronting a structural crisis that threatens the foundations of Somaliland’s political model.
If unchecked, these overlapping fractures risk eroding three decades of hard-won statehood and weakening the very case for recognition that once defined his presidency.
Analysis
Why Putin Is Silent on Maduro’s Abduction—and the Limits of Putin’s Power
LEFT BEHIND: How Maduro’s Capture Exposed the Limits of Putin’s Power—and What It Reveals About a Shifting World Order.
When U.S. forces dragged Venezuela’s Nicolás Maduro from his bedroom and flew him to New York to face drug-trafficking charges, Moscow issued a ritual protest. President Vladimir Putin, however, said nothing. For a leader who prides himself on loyalty to allies and defiance of American power, the silence was striking—and revealing.
On Russian social media, the irony spread fast. A viral meme paired Putin’s oft-repeated line, “We don’t give up on our own,” with photographs of leaders he once called key allies: Muammar Gaddafi, dead; Viktor Yanukovych, exiled in Russia; Bashar al-Assad, toppled and flown to Moscow in 2024; and now Maduro, captured by U.S. commandos. The message was blunt: allegiance to Moscow offers no guarantee of rescue.
Russia’s foreign ministry condemned the operation as an “unacceptable act of armed aggression.” But Putin’s refusal to echo even that language underscores a cold calculation. Moscow’s defense pact with Caracas was deliberately vague, offering no automatic military response. And the Venezuelan alliance, long more symbolic than strategic, was never worth a direct confrontation with Washington.
Analysts say the fallout cuts two ways. “Putin’s prestige took a hit,” said Alisher Ilkhamov, a London-based Central Asia analyst. “Maduro was Russia’s most loyal partner in Latin America.” Yet the loss may be outweighed by a larger prize: a world order increasingly shaped by force rather than law—an environment Russia believes favors its own ambitions in Ukraine and across the former Soviet space.
Some observers suspect Maduro was quietly written off months ago. After last summer’s Anchorage summit between Trump and Putin, speculation grew that the two leaders discussed informal spheres of influence. The logic is transactional: Washington asserts dominance in the Western Hemisphere; Moscow demands latitude closer to home. Trump’s parallel push to acquire Greenland and expand U.S. access to Arctic energy routes only reinforces that reading.
Russia may even see economic opportunity ahead. As its mature oilfields decline, the massive Bazhenov shale formation in western Siberia looms large. U.S. firms possess the technology Russia lacks. In this view, tolerating Maduro’s fall could smooth future cooperation—while keeping China at bay from strategic energy assets.
There is also fear in the Kremlin. The speed and precision of Maduro’s capture exposed a vulnerability every autocrat understands. “What terrifies Putin most is that someone close to Maduro leaked his whereabouts,” said Galiya Ibragimova of the Carnegie Endowment. The likely response, she argues, is tighter security and deeper paranoia—not rapprochement with Trump.
Publicly, pro-Kremlin voices are spinning the episode as proof of Western “imperialism” destined to fail. Privately, the lesson is harsher. Russia did not intervene for Assad. It did not intervene for Maduro. Silence, in this case, is not indifference—it is strategy.
And for Moscow’s remaining partners, it is also a warning.
Analysis
How Riyadh and Abu Dhabi’s Quiet War Is Redrawing the Region
Saudi Arabia–UAE Rift Signals a Deeper Power Struggle Reshaping the Middle East.
Saudi Arabia’s unusually blunt accusation that the United Arab Emirates is undermining its national security marks a turning point in one of the Middle East’s most consequential alliances. What was once a tightly coordinated partnership is now openly strained, exposing a deeper struggle over power, influence and regional order that extends far beyond a single dispute.
At the center of Saudi anxiety is geography. Yemen and Sudan sit uncomfortably close to the kingdom’s borders and maritime lifelines, and Riyadh views instability in either as an existential threat. The UAE, by contrast, approaches both theaters through a different lens: maritime security, trade routes and influence across the Red Sea and the Horn of Africa. That divergence has transformed former coordination into competition.
The immediate trigger was Yemen. When the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council seized large parts of southern Yemen late last year, expelling Saudi-aligned forces, Riyadh interpreted the move not as counterterrorism, but as a direct challenge to its primacy on its southern flank. Saudi airstrikes on a UAE-linked shipment, and public calls for Emirati withdrawal, signaled that the kingdom was prepared to enforce red lines it once assumed were shared.
Sudan compounds the tension. Saudi Arabia fears that prolonged state collapse across the Red Sea could destabilize its western coast and shipping routes. Emirati engagement there, framed by Abu Dhabi as pragmatic influence and conflict management, is viewed in Riyadh as reckless entanglement with non-state actors — a charge Saudi Arabia once reserved for Iran. The irony is striking: as Tehran’s regional influence wanes, Gulf rivals are now directing similar accusations at one another.
This rift reflects a broader structural reality. Saudi Arabia sees itself as the indispensable pillar of Arab and Muslim leadership, a role it expects smaller Gulf states to acknowledge. The UAE, flush with wealth and global ambition, rejects that hierarchy. Over the past decade it has pursued an assertive, independent foreign policy — from Yemen to Libya, Sudan to Syria — and broken taboos by normalizing ties with Israel ahead of a Palestinian state. To Abu Dhabi, autonomy is survival; to Riyadh, it looks like overreach.
Yet neither side is likely to push the confrontation too far. Both sit astride critical energy chokepoints, anchor global oil markets and rely heavily on U.S. security guarantees. A serious rupture would unsettle investors, roil energy prices and complicate relations with Washington at a moment when both capitals are competing for American favor.
The more likely outcome is a colder, more transactional relationship: sharper economic competition, proxy maneuvering in fragile states, and rival narratives pitched to the White House. The Saudi–UAE alliance is not collapsing — but it is being renegotiated.
What has emerged is a new Gulf reality: unity is no longer assumed, leadership is contested, and stability itself has become the ultimate currency.
Analysis
Why China Is Studying Trump’s Venezuela Shock — and What It Means for Taiwan
CARACAS TODAY, TAIPEI TOMORROW? China Condemns U.S. Strike on Venezuela as Taiwan Watches Closely for Strategic Fallout.
Hours before Nicolás Maduro was seized by U.S. forces, the Venezuelan leader was hosting a senior Chinese delegation in Caracas. Photographs posted on his own Instagram showed Maduro smiling alongside Qiu Xiaoqi, Beijing’s special representative for Latin American and Caribbean affairs — an image that, in hindsight, feels like a geopolitical freeze-frame taken just before the ground shifted.
Beijing has been quick to condemn Washington’s action. China’s state-run Xinhua news agency denounced the operation as “naked hegemonic behavior,” arguing that the so-called “rules-based international order” championed by the United States is little more than a predatory system designed to serve American interests. The Chinese foreign ministry has so far declined to clarify the whereabouts of its delegation following the strike.
The episode lands at an especially sensitive moment for China. Just days earlier, the People’s Liberation Army wrapped up its largest-ever military exercises around Taiwan, rehearsing scenarios that analysts say were meant to demonstrate Beijing’s ability to isolate the island in a crisis. The timing has inevitably raised a provocative question across Asia: does Trump’s dramatic action in Venezuela lower the threshold for force elsewhere?
Most China watchers say no — at least not immediately.
“Taking over Taiwan depends on China’s still-developing military capability, not on what Trump did on a distant continent,” said Shi Yinhong, a professor of international relations at Renmin University. Others note that Beijing has long framed Taiwan as an internal matter, unlike Venezuela, which sits firmly outside China’s core territorial claims.
Neil Thomas of the Asia Society argues that Beijing is more likely to exploit the optics than imitate the act. China, he said, will contrast itself with Washington, portraying the U.S. as reckless and imperial while presenting President Xi Jinping as a responsible global leader. From Beijing’s perspective, the ideal outcome is not escalation, but a prolonged U.S. entanglement in Latin America that drains American focus and credibility.
Taiwanese officials echo that assessment, but with an unmistakable edge of realism. Wang Ting-yu, a senior lawmaker on Taiwan’s foreign affairs and defense committee, dismissed comparisons outright. “China is not the United States, and Taiwan is certainly not Venezuela,” he wrote, arguing that if Beijing truly had the means to seize the island, it would have acted long ago.
Still, the symbolism matters. On Chinese social media, commentary praising Trump’s decisiveness surged, with some users openly urging Beijing to “learn” from Washington’s example. That narrative, analysts warn, could harden attitudes inside China over time, even if the military balance remains unchanged.
For Taipei, the message is more immediate. Trump’s willingness to use overwhelming force abroad reinforces both the value — and the volatility — of U.S. backing. Some observers expect Taiwan’s government to offer cautious, carefully worded support for Washington’s action, signaling alignment without endorsing regime change as a norm.
The deeper consequence may lie in perception. By acting unilaterally in Venezuela, the United States has handed Beijing a powerful rhetorical tool: proof, in China’s telling, that American power is arbitrary and self-serving. Whether or not China moves militarily, that argument will be deployed relentlessly in the information war over Taiwan.
Caracas may be far from the Taiwan Strait, but the shockwaves are traveling fast. In a world where precedent matters, even distant battles can reshape the logic of the next one.
Analysis
How a New Axis of Desperation Is Reshaping the Horn of Africa
Mogadishu Trapped, Cairo Panics: The Horn Enters Its Most Dangerous Phase.
In just twenty-four hours, the geopolitical scaffolding that anchored Somalia’s relations with the Gulf for four decades has collapsed. What is emerging in its place is not a coherent regional order, but a volatile collision of rival ambitions—one that leaves Villa Somalia immobilized, while a desperate Cairo-Ankara alignment risks igniting the southern Red Sea.
At the center of the storm sits President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, caught in a zero-sum confrontation between Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. According to multiple intelligence-linked sources, Riyadh has issued an urgent request for Somalia to align itself with a new Yemen-focused coalition aimed at opposing southern forces. The demand echoes the coercive dynamics of 2015, when Mogadishu joined the Saudi-led war in Yemen in exchange for financial promises that were only partially fulfilled, if at all.
This time, however, the UAE is drawing a hard line. Abu Dhabi’s leverage over Mogadishu is not symbolic—it is structural. The Emirates bankroll and supply more than 15,000 Somali security personnel and inject roughly $12 million annually into the federal budget. That support gives the UAE an effective veto over Somali foreign policy. Complicating matters further, the president’s immediate family resides in the UAE, blurring the line between national decision-making and personal exposure.
Some Western intelligence assessments suggest advisors have even floated Egypt as a potential refuge to escape Emirati pressure—an idea that underscores the severity of the bind, even if it remains unconfirmed.
While attention has focused on diplomatic fallout from Israel’s recognition of Somaliland, a more consequential shift is unfolding behind the scenes. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has moved decisively to militarize the southern Red Sea. Cairo has quietly finalized agreements enabling naval deployments to Eritrea and Somalia—an unmistakable signal that Egypt is reviving an assertive, almost imperial posture aimed at encircling Ethiopia and exerting control over the Bab el-Mandeb chokepoint.
Most striking is Cairo’s alignment with Turkey in condemning the Somaliland–Israel breakthrough. The irony is hard to miss. Sisi, who built his rule by crushing the Muslim Brotherhood, now finds himself tactically synchronized with Ankara’s Islamist-backed foreign policy—united not by ideology, but by fear of a shifting balance of power.
Egypt’s opposition to Somaliland recognition is not about Somali sovereignty or regional stability. It is about leverage. A weak, centralized Somalia has long served Cairo’s strategy of pressuring Ethiopia. A recognized Somaliland—stable, democratic, and strategically aligned with Israel and Ethiopia—punctures that approach.
Israel’s move has handed Addis Ababa diplomatic oxygen, undermining Egypt’s containment strategy at precisely the wrong moment.
The result is a region in transition and under strain. The Arab League is fractured. Gulf consensus is gone. Mogadishu is paralyzed by competing patrons, while Cairo reaches for military tools to compensate for diplomatic loss.
The Horn of Africa has crossed a threshold. The events of the past day are not a policy adjustment; they mark the opening chapter of a far more dangerous era—one defined by desperation, miscalculation, and the rapid erosion of old assumptions.
Turkey’s Expanding Footprint in Somalia Draws Parliamentary Scrutiny
Inside the Red Sea Forum: Saudi and Egyptian Power Play Marginalizes Ethiopia
Egypt, Eritrea Close Ranks on Red Sea Security as Ethiopia Eyes Sea Access
RED SEA SHOCKER: TURKEY’S PROXY STATE RISES—AND ISRAEL IS WATCHING
Is Somalia’s Oil the Price of Loyalty to Turkey? MP Blows Whistle on Explosive Oil Deal
Turkey Withheld Explosive Intelligence Linking Somali Officials to Terror Network
Turkey’s Military Presence in Somalia Compounds Somaliland’s Internal Turmoil
Somalia’s Silent War Gamble: UAE, Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia All Set to Clash on Her Soil
Exclusive: Egypt Deploys Troops to Somalia—Next War Begins in the Horn
The Horn of Africa on the Precipice: Ethiopia-Egypt Conflict Looming
Analysis
Netanyahu to Trump: Only Fear of War Can Secure Peace
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu arrives in Florida this week for a critical meeting with US President Donald Trump, seeking to convince him that diplomacy alone will not defeat Hamas, Hezbollah, or Iran—and that only the credible threat of renewed war can lock in peace.
The meeting at Mar-a-Lago, Netanyahu’s sixth with Trump this year, comes as the first phase of Trump’s 20-point Gaza plan reaches its limit. All living Israeli hostages have returned, aid is flowing into Gaza, and the ceasefire is holding—barely. Hamas attacks on IDF troops, Israeli retaliation, and Hamas’s deliberate delays in returning bodies have exposed what Israel sees as the core problem: Hamas has no intention of disarming.
Trump and his advisers believe momentum is the key—keep the process moving, and Hamas will weaken over time. Israel disagrees. Netanyahu plans to argue that without a firm deadline for Hamas to lay down its weapons, the terror group will regroup, rearm, and prepare the next war under the cover of diplomacy.
At the center of Netanyahu’s pitch is a blunt warning: the proposed international stabilization force would not deter Hamas. No country wants to send troops that might actually fight, and contributions from hostile states like Turkey or Pakistan could give Hamas political and military cover to rebuild. Israel wants Trump to set a clear ultimatum—disarm or face a full-scale IDF offensive.
Netanyahu will frame the moment as decisive for Trump’s top envoys, Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner: they can be remembered either as the architects who dismantled Hamas or as the negotiators who were outmaneuvered, leaving Gaza primed for another bloodbath.
The challenge is steep. Netanyahu no longer has his key Trump-whisperer Ron Dermer at his side, and reports suggest fatigue with Netanyahu inside Trump’s inner circle. Axios has claimed some US advisers believe the Israeli leader is sabotaging the peace process.
Beyond Gaza, Netanyahu is also pressing Trump on Hezbollah and Iran. The US deadline for Hezbollah’s disarmament expires at year’s end, and Washington has already signaled it will back Israeli escalation if the group refuses. On Iran, Netanyahu wants close coordination on timing and tactics should another strike become necessary, while offering Trump concessions elsewhere—possibly easing Israel’s posture toward Syria’s new regime.
Ceasefires freeze reality; they don’t change it. Netanyahu believes Israel may need to return to the battlefield—in Gaza, Lebanon, and possibly Iran—to create the conditions for lasting peace. Trump prefers diplomacy. This week, the two leaders must decide whether peace in the Middle East will be enforced by agreements—or by fear of what happens when those agreements fail.
Analysis
RED SEA SHOCKER: TURKEY’S PROXY STATE RISES—AND ISRAEL IS WATCHING
Why Somaliland Now Matters More Than Ever in the Red Sea Strategic Equation.
Turkey’s expanding footprint in Somalia is often framed as humanitarian partnership or infrastructure development. In reality, Ankara is constructing a shadow strategic order—one that uses Somalia as an offshore extension of Turkish power, giving President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan a launch corridor at one of the world’s most sensitive maritime choke points.
Under the banner of development, Turkey now trains thousands of Somali soldiers, operates the country’s central airport and port under long-term concessions, runs its flagship national hospital, and controls financial channels through Ziraat Katılım—the first foreign bank in Somalia in more than 50 years.
This is not philanthropy; it is leverage. Somalia receives security and infrastructure. Turkey receives coastline, deniability, and strategic depth.
While global headlines fixate on Houthi attacks in the Red Sea or Iran’s regional ambitions, the more decisive shift is unfolding quietly in Somalia. A NATO member is projecting power across the Horn of Africa in ways the alliance cannot monitor, Europe cannot shape, and the U.S. has been slow to recognize.
Turkey is building a second strategic geography: offshore, insulated from oversight, and designed to test capabilities that would be politically and legally constrained within NATO’s traditional framework.
Somalia is the laboratory. The Gulf of Aden–Red Sea corridor is the theatre.
Turkey’s missile-testing initiatives in Somalia—confirmed in Greek reporting by Marinos Gasiamis—are not tactical experiments but a foundational piece of Erdoğan’s long-term architecture.
This fits a decade-long pattern: nuclear infrastructure with ambiguous Russian clauses, quiet cooperation with Pakistan’s nuclear and missile expertise, exploratory uranium routes in Africa, and now a politically shielded African coastline from which missile doctrine can evolve without scrutiny.
If Turkey ever crosses the nuclear threshold, the balance that underpins deterrence from the Aegean to the Gulf would fracture.
The systems Ankara could test or deploy from Somali territory would outrun early-warning grids that regional states rely on—forcing a security recalculation across the Middle East and Africa.
None of this works without a compliant host. Somalia sold the keys.
Through bases, concessions, doctrinal influence, and total dependency, Turkey has created a model of “parallel sovereignty.” Somalia’s army, airports, ports, and financial arteries now run through Ankara.
This mirrors the Libyan playbook: enter through crisis, remain through law, cement through dependency.
But the Red Sea corridor is more volatile. Iran’s Houthi proxies close the strait with missiles; Turkey deepens its presence on the opposite shore; Iran gains reach; Turkey gains flexibility; and Europe loses the ability to distinguish cause from consequence.
A proxy system does not require coordination—just overlapping interests.
Israel, observing this map, is not blind. The flight distance from Israeli airbases to Mogadishu is comparable to its proven operational reach into Iran. Somalia is not beyond Israel’s horizon nor its doctrine of preemptive strike. Silence should not be misread as comfort.
But the Horn of Africa has two coastlines—and only one is behaving like a sovereign state.
Somaliland, despite lacking formal recognition, stands as the counter-model: self-governing, democratic, and strategically positioned. Unlike Mogadishu, it has not leased its coastline to foreign ambitions.
Berbera, upgraded with UAE investment, now hosts early-warning systems acquired with third-party approval from Israel—quiet confirmation that the region’s strategic planners recognize Somaliland as an anchor of stability.
Recognition of Somaliland is not a moral gesture; it is a strategic correction. As Somalia becomes a proxy corridor for outsourced sovereignty, Somaliland remains the last intact coastline on the Red Sea route not absorbed into someone else’s strategic design.
The choice facing the international system is urgent: strengthen the only democratic, stable governance structure in the Horn—or watch Turkey’s shadow geography consolidate in silence until it becomes a permanent fact.
In a corridor shaped by speed and opportunism, hesitation is a decision in itself, and one that increasingly benefits Ankara.
Analysis
Turkey’s Expanding Footprint in Somalia Draws Parliamentary Scrutiny
Ankara’s multi‑billion‑dollar investment in Mogadishu provokes questions over transparency, influence and arms embargo compliance.
Turkey’s deepening involvement in Somalia—spanning a $1.15 billion aid package, a sprawling new embassy complex in Mogadishu and a major overseas military base—came under intense scrutiny in Ankara’s parliament on Wednesday.
Deputies from the Grand National Assembly’s Foreign Affairs Committee debated a long‑delayed 2011 protocol that grants Turkey a 61,000 m² site in Somalia’s capital for its largest global embassy, while allocating a smaller plot in Ankara to Somalia’s mission. Critics questioned why the government is footing all construction costs, who won the contracts and whether competitive bidding took place.
“We’re not just gifting land; we’re building the chancery and ambassador’s residence,” MP Utku Çakırözer pressed, demanding details on costs and procurement safeguards. Deputy Foreign Minister Nuh Yılmaz defended the arrangement as part of a “strategic alliance” in the Horn of Africa, likening Somalia to Turkey’s Syria policy—security cooperation first, business follows.
That security pillar was on full display in Mogadishu, where Turkey’s Anatolia Barracks has trained over 15,000 Somali soldiers since 2017 to counter al‑Shabab insurgents. Ankara also funds the Turkish‑Somali Task Force, operates the Turkish‑built teaching hospital and channels humanitarian relief through the Red Crescent.
Yet Turkey’s military aid has not been uncontroversial. A UN panel found Ankara breached the arms embargo by delivering Bayraktar TB2 drones in December 2021 without Security Council clearance. Turkish diplomats defended the move as necessary for Somalia’s stabilization—but lawmakers demanded assurances that no future transfers would flout international law.
Behind the grandeur of new embassies and military outposts lie deeper motives—and risks. Turkish firms hold long‑term concessions for Mogadishu’s port and airport, contracts critics allege disproportionately reward Erdoğan‑aligned businesses. And with bilateral trade dipping from $426 million in 2023 to $384 million in 2024, some question whether Ankara’s heavy investment is paying off commercially.
During the hearing, MP Yunus Emre pressed: “Has Somalia given anything back to us on issues like Northern Cyprus recognition?” Ruling‑party MPs countered that Somalia’s “clean, post‑colonial” partnership exemplifies Turkey’s vision of sincere, mutual cooperation.
As Turkey positions itself as Somalia’s premier foreign patron, Ankara’s parliament will vote on ratifying the embassy land‑swap in coming weeks. The outcome will test whether Turkey can maintain its ambitious Horn‑of‑Africa strategy—or if domestic calls for accountability will force a recalibration of its Somalia policy.
Analysis
KULMIYE IMPLODES: From Internal Feud to Full-Blown Power War
Leadership War, Institutional Intervention, and the Battle for Somaliland’s Opposition. A party built to govern is now fighting to survive.
Kulmiye, Somaliland’s once-dominant political force, is no longer wrestling with a routine leadership dispute. It is confronting a structural crisis that has ripped open the party’s core and exposed a battle over authority, legitimacy, and survival.
What began as a disagreement over the timing of a party congress has metastasized into an open power war between former President Muse Bihi Abdi and party chairman Mohamed Kahin Ahmed—a rupture now severe enough to trigger direct intervention by national institutions.
The flashpoint was Chairman Kahin’s unilateral decision to postpone Kulmiye’s congress by two years, invoking a loosely defined “national disaster.” Muse Bihi, backed by a growing bloc inside the party’s Central Council, rejected the delay outright, arguing that postponement violated party rules and suffocated internal democracy.
When the chairman of the Central Committee openly sided with Bihi, Kahin responded with the most drastic measure possible: expulsion. That decision detonated what little restraint remained.
Muse Bihi attempted to slow the escalation. Speaking publicly, he called for private dialogue, warned against media theatrics, and reiterated that he had no intention of reclaiming formal leadership, portraying himself as a retired elder seeking unity. But that narrative collapsed within an hour.
Kahin’s response was not conciliatory—it was incendiary. In a raw, unfiltered press appearance, he accused Muse Bihi of betrayal, cultural incompatibility, and—most explosively—of orchestrating an internal coup to install a puppet chairman.
“Muse Bihi will not lead us in a party of which I am the chairman,” Kahin declared, drawing a hard, zero-sum line that transformed disagreement into existential conflict.
At that moment, Kulmiye crossed a point of no return.
The dispute escalated beyond personalities when the Registration and Approval Committee of National Parties issued a binding ruling that stripped Kahin of his primary weapon: delay.
The committee declared the congress postponement illegal, affirming that only the Central Committee—not the chairman—has authority to seek extensions, and only under narrow conditions. It ordered Kulmiye to set a congress date within 30 days or face full institutional takeover of the process.
This ruling decisively reshaped the battlefield. It validated the reformist faction aligned with Muse Bihi, restored internal democratic mechanisms, and signaled that Somaliland’s institutions are willing to confront even the most entrenched political figures.
For Kahin, it was a strategic defeat. For Kulmiye, it was an enforced reckoning.
Speculation now swirls around Kahin’s motives. Some point to legacy politics—an aging power broker resisting irrelevance.
Others whisper of sub-clan pressure or even quiet encouragement from rival parties who benefit from a fractured opposition. Whatever the cause, the outcome is clear: the congress will happen, with or without Kahin’s consent.
Kulmiye now faces its most consequential test since its founding. Either it emerges from this forced congress with renewed leadership, coherence, and purpose—or it collapses into a hollowed shell, gifting political dominance to a ruling Waddani party already consolidating power.
This is no longer just Kulmiye’s crisis. It is a stress test of Somaliland’s political maturity. And for the first time in months, institutions—not personalities—have seized control of the outcome.
The clock is running. The congress is inevitable. And the opposition’s future will be decided not by rhetoric, but by who survives the vote.
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